Add the first few basic examples

Python/000_basics.py

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+# This will show some very basic Python operations and actions
+
+# We show output in the terminal to a user with the "print" function
+print("Hello world!")
+
+# This is a variable. A variable holds information like a string (letters and such),
+# integers (whole numbers), arrays and objects (discussed later)
+# Our first "string"
+name = "Computer User"
+# We can print many things in one print command on one line by
+# separating them with commas
+print("Your name is:", name)
+
+# Our first number
+# The "=" here is an "assignment operator"
+# meaning "assign the value on the right to the variable on the left"
+# (i.e. assign age equal to 32)
+age = 32
+print("Your age is:", age)
+
+# Basic math:
+#   Python includes math operators for addition, subtraction,
+#   multiplication and division (and many others).
+age = age + 1
+# Age is now equal to 33
+# Someone had a birthday!
+print("Happy Birthday! You are now", age, "years old!")

Python/005_userinput.py

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+# Basic example of user input and printing to the console
+
+# Get some user input
+result = input("Type anything and hit <Enter>: ")
+# Print a blank line
+print()
+
+# Show the user what they typed
+print("You typed:", result)
+print()

Python/010_formatoutput.py

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+# Basic example of formatting output printed to the console
+
+# Get the user's age
+age = input("How old are you?: ")
+# Print a blank line
+print()
+
+# Show the user what they typed
+# the "f" before the quote means that this string is "formatted"
+# Formatted strings can use curly bracket notation to embed
+# variables inside a string. This is handy as it handles variable
+# type conversion automatically (i.e. integer to string)
+print(f"You are {age} years old!")
+print()

Python/015_ifconditional.py

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+# Basic example of formatting output printed to the console
+
+# Get the user's name
+name = input("What is your full name?: ")
+# Print a blank line
+print()
+
+# Show the user what they typed
+print(f"Your name is: {name}")
+# Here we will do the "if" conditional. A conditional means
+# "compare these things" and "if" means "does this whole thing evaluate to True".
+# In this case we are using the string function/method (see below)
+# to try and find a space character in the name and print a message if not found.
+# "-1" here means "not found"
+# Find method: https://www.w3schools.com/python/ref_string_find.asp
+if name.find(" ") == -1:
+    print("You seem to have only entered a single name. Are you a rock star?")
+print()

Python/020_whileloop.py

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+# Basic example of a while loop
+
+# While loops "do something" as long as the condition
+# defined at the start of the loop is True
+
+print("Here are the numbers from 1 to 10...")
+print()
+
+number = 1
+while number <= 10:
+    print(f"Number: {number}")
+    number = number + 1
+
+print()

Python/025_tryexcept.py

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+# Basic example of using try/except to catch errors
+
+# Get the user's age. The input function always returns
+# a string. In order to do math operations on user input
+# we have to convert it to an number/integer. However, any user
+# input that is NOT a number (integer in this case) will cause
+# a fatal error and the program will crash. We use a try/except
+# to catch this event and keep requesting input until the value
+# is a valid integer.
+# We loop forever asking for a valid age. The initial unacceptable
+# value for age means the loop will be executed at least once.
+age = -1
+while age < 0:
+    try:
+        # Get the age
+        age = int(input("How old are you?: "))
+        # If the age is less than zero, display an error
+        if age < 0:
+            print()
+            print("Error! Valid ages are greater than or equal to zero!")
+            print()
+    except:
+        # If the integer conversion fails (i.e. a non-number was entered) show error
+        print()
+        print("Error! You must only enter a whole number!")
+        print()
+
+# Print a blank line
+print()
+
+# Calculate 
+
+# Show the user what they typed
+# the "f" before the quote means that this string is "formatted"
+# Formatted strings can use curly bracket notation to embed
+# variables inside a string. This is handy as it handles variable
+# type conversion automatically (i.e. integer to string)
+print(f"You are {age} years old!")
+print()

Python/README.md

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+# Python Examples
+
+This folder will contain examples of basic concepts for both syntax and logic. Complex examples may be in sub-folders, while simple examples are usually in the top level folder.