# This will show some very basic Python operations and actions

# We show output in the terminal to a user with the "print" function
print("Hello world!")

# By default, print() will put a new line at the end of ever print.
# If you want to stay on the same line (so you can add to it later)
# you must change the end character to be blank
print("This is on a line.", end='')
print(" This is on the same line!")

# In Python (and other languages) we can store and manipulate data
# by using variables. Variables are comprised of a name (the label
# we use to refer to that variable), and a value.
# We use an "assignment" to equate a name and a value.
# A variable can have nearly any value. Typical simple values may be
# a string (letters and such), integers (whole numbers),
# floats (numbers with both whole and fractional parts),
# and arrays and objects (discussed later).

# Our first "string"
# Below is a variable named "name". 
name = "Computer User"
# We can print many things in one print command on one line by
# separating them with commas
print("Your name is:", name)

# There are several basic data types for variables:
#    int: Integer number (no decimal)
#    float: Floating point number (has a decimal component)
#    str: String. This is a collection of characters bounded by single or double quotes
#    bool: Boolean. This is either True or False
#    bytes: A string that holds binary data
#           Created thusly: b"\x28\x67\x67\x29" (converts to the ascii characters "(gg)")
# More info: https://realpython.com/python-data-types/

# Our first number
# The "=" here is an "assignment operator"
# meaning "assign the value on the right to the variable on the left"
# (i.e. assign age equal to 32)
age = 32
print("Your age is:", age)

# Basic math:
#   Python includes math operators for addition, subtraction,
#   multiplication and division (and many others).
age = age + 1
# Age is now equal to 33
# Someone had a birthday!
print("Happy Birthday! You are now", age, "years old!")

# Simple math operators can be combined for the sake of brevity.
# These are called "compound" operators
#   age = age + 1
#       is the same as
#   age += 1
#
#   Basic compound operators: += -= *= /= (/= is a floating point operator)
#   (A special //= which returns integer)
unused_age = 100
print(f"Unused Age: {unused_age}")
unused_age -= 1    # unused_age is now 99
print(f"Unused Age: {unused_age}")
unused_age += 3    # unused_age is now 102
print(f"Unused Age: {unused_age}")
unused_age *= 4    # unused_age is now 408
print(f"Unused Age: {unused_age}")
unused_age //= 2    # unused_age is now 204
print(f"Unused Age: {unused_age}")

# There is a common operator used in programming called the "modulo" or "modulus".
# This operator is a division operator that returns the remainder after
# the division is complete.
unused_age %= 100
print(f"Unused Age: {unused_age}")