Change while to just loops. Add datastructures tutorial.

Python/019_datastructures.py

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+# Data Structures
+#   Data structures hold sets of data in various formats
+
+# List
+# Lists have collections of data
+# which are indexed linerally (i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3)
+# with elements separated by commas
+# are indexed starting at 0
+# contained within square brackets
+
+# Declare our list
+letters = ['a', 'g', 'h', 'l', 'p', 't', 'w']
+# Add an element
+letters.append('z')
+# Get rid of a matching item from the list
+letters.remove('l')
+# Print out the contents of the list
+print("Letters:", end='')
+for letter in letters:
+    print(f" {letter}", end='')
+print()
+# Reverse it and print it again with indexes
+letters.reverse()
+print("Letters Reversed:", end='')
+for index, letter in enumerate(letters):
+    print(f" ({index}){letter}", end='')
+print()
+# The number of elements in a list can be accessed with len()
+print("The number of letters is:", len(letters))
+
+# Dictionary
+# Dictionaries have collections of data
+# which are pairs of keys and values
+# with element pairs separated by commas
+# contained within curly braces
+# Note: Keys in a dictionary must be unique
+
+# Declare our dictionary
+states = {"OH": "Ohio", "PA": "Pennsylvania", "CT": "Connecticut", "WV": "West Virginia", "MD": "Maryland"}
+print("My States:", states)
+# In order to sort the dictionary we have to pull out the keys,
+# sort those, and then redeclare the dictionary ordered by the
+# newly sorted list of keys
+my_keys = list(states.keys())
+my_keys.sort()
+states = {i: states[i] for i in my_keys}
+print("My States Sorted by Key:", states)
+# The number of key/value pairs in a dictionary can be accessed with len()
+print("The number of states is:", len(states))
+
+# Tuple
+# Tuples have collections of data
+# typically of the same type, but does not have to be
+# with elements separated by commas
+# are indexed starting at 0
+# contained within parentheses
+# Note: Once a tuple has been created its
+#       values cannot be changed,
+#       and elements cannot be added/removed
+
+# Declare our tuple
+position = (422, 915)
+print(f"Position (x, y) is: {position[0]}, {position[1]}")
+# The number of elements in a tuple ca be accessed with len()
+print("The number of elements in the position tuple is:", len(position))
+color = (88, 199, 213)
+print(f"Color tuple: R={color[0]} G={color[1]} B={color[2]}")
+
+# Always keep in mind that the elements of lists and tuples,
+# and the values of dictionary key/value pairs can be of
+# nearly any type.
+# For example, they can be (but are not limited to):
+#    strings: "Cheese"
+#    integers: 44
+#    lists: ['a', 'b', 'c']
+#    objects: MyClass(param1, param2)